How to avoid thermal deformation of machined parts during CNC machining?
Publish Time: 2025-03-05
Thermal deformation of machined parts is a common and thorny problem during CNC machining. Thermal deformation not only affects the machining accuracy of parts, but may also cause parts to be scrapped and increase production costs. Therefore, it is crucial to take effective measures to avoid thermal deformation of machined parts during CNC machining.
1. Analysis of the causes of thermal deformation
The main reasons for thermal deformation of machined parts during CNC machining are as follows:
Cutting heat: During the cutting process, the friction between the tool and the workpiece will generate a lot of heat, causing the workpiece temperature to rise, and then thermal expansion and deformation will occur.
Internal heat source of the machine tool: The motor, gearbox, hydraulic system and other components of the CNC machine tool will generate heat when working. This heat will affect the temperature distribution of the workpiece through heat conduction, causing thermal deformation.
Ambient temperature changes: Changes in the ambient temperature in the workshop will also affect the temperature of the workpiece, especially when processing large workpieces, the change in ambient temperature has a more significant effect on the thermal deformation of the workpiece.
2. Strategies to avoid thermal deformation
Optimize cutting parameters: By reasonably selecting cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth, the heat generated during the cutting process can be reduced. For example, reducing the cutting speed can reduce the friction heat between the tool and the workpiece; using multiple shallow cuts instead of one deep cut can reduce the temperature gradient in the cutting area and reduce thermal deformation.
Strengthen cooling and heat dissipation: In the process of CNC machining, strengthening cooling and heat dissipation is an important means to reduce thermal deformation. Coolant can be used to cool the cutting area to reduce the temperature of the workpiece and the tool. At the same time, the spraying method and flow rate of the coolant can also be optimized to ensure that the coolant can fully cover the cutting area and improve the cooling effect.
Improve the structure of the machine tool: Improve the structural design of the CNC machine tool to reduce the impact of the internal heat source of the machine tool on the workpiece. For example, separate the heat-generating components such as the motor and the gearbox from the main body of the machine tool to reduce heat conduction; use insulation materials to insulate the main body of the machine tool to reduce the temperature change of the workpiece.
Control the ambient temperature: In the process of CNC machining, controlling the ambient temperature in the workshop is also an important measure to reduce thermal deformation. A constant temperature control system can be used to keep the temperature in the workshop stable and reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on the thermal deformation of the workpiece.
Use thermal compensation technology: For some parts that require extremely high processing accuracy, thermal compensation technology can be used to reduce the impact of thermal deformation. By pre-measuring the deformation of the workpiece at different temperatures and performing real-time compensation during CNC machining, the machining accuracy is ensured.
The thermal deformation problem of machined parts during CNC machining is a complex and important issue. By optimizing cutting parameters, strengthening cooling and heat dissipation, improving machine tool structure, controlling ambient temperature, and using thermal compensation technology, the impact of thermal deformation on machining accuracy can be effectively reduced, and the quality and production efficiency of machined parts can be improved. With the continuous development of CNC machining technology, more advanced thermal deformation control technologies will be applied to the machining field in the future, injecting new vitality into the development of the manufacturing industry.
